Изворни код странице Zvončići (botanika)

{{automatic taxobox-lat
|name = Campanulaceae
|image = Campanula_cespitosa.jpg
|image_width = 250px
|image_caption = -{''Campanula cespitosa''}-
|taxon = Campanulaceae|authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|-{Juss}-.]]<ref name="apgiii">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |accessdate=10. 12. 2010 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |archivedate=25. 5. 2017 |url-status=dead |df= |pages=105-121}}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Rodovi]]
|subdivision = Vidi tekst
}}
[[Датотека:Angiospermes arbre9.png|мини|500п|APG III sistem klasigikacije]]

'''Zvončići''' ({{lang-la|Campanulaceae}})<ref name="zzps"/> je [[porodica (biologija)|porodica]] [[red (biologija)|reda]] [[Asterales]], divizije -{''[[eudikotiledone|Eudicotiledonae]]''}-, sa 2.400 [[Врста (биологија)|vrsta]] u 84 [[rod (biologija)|roda]] [[zeljasta biljka|zeljastih biljaka]] [[cvetnica]], [[grm]]ova, a retko malog [[drvo|drveća]]. Često sadrže mlekolike neotrovne sokove.<ref name= <“Campbell“>{{Cite book|author=Campbell  N. A. |display-authors=etal |year=2008|title=Biology. 8th Ed. |publisher=Person International Edition, San Francisco|isbn=978-0-321-53616-7|pages=}}</ref><ref name=“Sofradzija“>{{cite book |author=Šoljan Sofradžija A. D. |author2=Hadžiselimović R. |year=2004|title= Biologija 1.|publisher= Svjetlost, Sarajevo|isbn=978-9958-10-686-6|pages=}}</ref><ref name=<"Walter">{{cite book|last=[[Walter S Judd|Judd]]|first=Walter S.|first2=Christopher S. |last2=Campbell |first3=Elizabeth A. |last3=Kellogg |first4=Peter F. |last4=Stevens |first5=Michael J. |last5=Donoghue|title=Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach. (1st ed. 1999, 2nd 2002)|year=2007|edition=3|publisher=Sinauer Associates|isbn=978-0-87893-407-2|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=kr3uAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=29. 1. 2014|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name=<"Simpson">{{cite book|last=Simpson|first=Michael G.|title=Plant Systematics|year=2011|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-08-051404-8|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=Ia2eIPVksMMC|accessdate=12. 2. 2014}}</ref>
Porodica je imenovana po tipskom rodu -{''Campanula''}-.
<ref name=Lammers>{{cite journal
| last=Lammers
| first = Thomas 
| title = Revision of the Infrageneric Classification of Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae)
| journal =Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
| doi =10.3417/2007150 | accessdate =
| volume=98
|pages=37-62
}}</ref> Među njima su i poznate baštenske biljke rodova -{''[[Campanula]]''}- (zvončić),<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1989 |title=Genus: ''Campanula'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=29. 1. 2004 |accessdate=3. 2. 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006022014/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1989# |archive-date=6. 10. 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> -{''[[Lobelia]]''}-<ref name="GRIN" /><ref name=Lammers /> i -{''[[Platycodon]]''}-<ref>{{EFloras|2|200022990|Platycodon grandiflorus |family=Campanulaceae |first=Deyuan |last=Hong |first2=Laura L. |last2=Klein |first3=Thomas G. |last3=Lammers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|accessdate=6. 1. 2017|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archivedate=25. 5. 2017|pages=578}}</ref> (balonastih cvetova).

Ova porodica je gotovo kosmopolitski rasprostranjena. Osim široke zastupljenosti na [[Severna hemisfera|severnoj hemisferi]], javlja se i na [[Južna hemisfera|južnoj hemisferi]]. [[Јужна Африка (регион)|Južna Afrika]] je izuzetno bogata članovima ove porodice. Ovih vrsta nema u [[Sahara|Sahari]], [[Antarktik]]u, [[Azija|Severoistočnoj Aziji]] i severnom [[Grenland]]u.

== Opis ==
[[Датотека:Campanula persicifolia. ziedas, 2006-07-01.JPG|мини|десно|250п|Detalji cveta ''Campanula persicifolia''): pet plavih kruničnih listića su stasali, pet žutih prašnika su uvenuli, a tri žiga na [[tučak|tučku]] su sposobni za oplodnju ([[proterandrija]]).]]
[[Датотека:Campanula medium flowerdiagram.png|мини|250п|[[Cvetni dijagram]] -{''[[Campanula medium]]''}-]]

[[List]]ovi su često naizmenični, ređe nasuprotni. Oni su takođe jednostavni i bez sporednih listića (zalistaka). [[Cvet]]ovi su [[pol|dvopolni]], u obliku zvona, koje se sastoji od uskih cevi nalik [[krunica|krunicu]] sa malim proširenjem režnjeva. Mnogde su u raznim nijansama plave boje i susednih delova spektra.

Cvetna formula je: <math> \downarrow </math> ili <math> \star  \; K_{5} \; [C_{(5)} \; A_5] \; G_{\underline{(2-3-5)}}</math> ili <math> G_{\overline{(2-3-5)}}</math>

[[Plod]]ovi su [[bobica (Botanika)|bobice]] ili [[Kapsula (plod)|kapsule]].

== Sistematika ==
=== Potporodice i rodovi ===
; -{[[Campanuloideae]]}-
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* -{''[[Adenophora]]''}- - Evropa i Azija
* -{''[[Astrocodon]]''}- - Sibir
* -{''[[Asyneuma]]''}- - Južna Evropa i Azija
* -{''[[Azorina]]''}- - Azorska ostrva
* -{''[[Berenice (plant)|Berenice]]''}- - Reinion
* -{''[[Campanula]]''}- - uglavnom severna hemisphera
* -{''[[Canarina]]''}- - Kanarska ostrva i istočna Afrika
* -{''[[Codonopsis]]''}- - Istočna Azija
* -{''[[Craterocapsa]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Cryptocodon]]''}- - Centralna Azija
* -{''[[Cyananthus]]''}- - Istočna Azija
* -{''[[Cylindrocarpa]]''}- - Centralna Azija
* -{''[[Echinocodon]]''}- - Kina
* -{''[[Edraianthus]]''}- - Jugoistočna Evropa i zapadna Azija
* -{''[[Feeria]]''}- - Moroko
* -{''[[Gadellia]]''}- - Kavkaz
* -{''[[Githopsis]]''}- - Amerika
* -{''[[Gunillaea]]''}- - Tropska Afrika i Madagaskar
* -{''[[Hanabusaya]]''}- - Koreja
* -{''[[Heterochaenia]]''}- - Reinion
* -{''[[Heterocodon]]''}- - Amerika
* -{''[[Homocodon]]''}- - Kina
* -{''[[Jasione]]''}- - Evropa i jugozapadna Azija
* -{''[[Legousia]]''}- - Evropa i južna Afrika
* -{''[[Leptocodon]]''}- - Himalaji
* -{''[[Lightfootia]]''}- - Afrika
* -{''[[Merciera]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Michauxia]]''}- - Srednji istok
* -{''[[Microcodon]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Musschia]]''}- - Madeira
* -{''[[Namacodon]]''}- - Jugozapadna Afrika
* -{''[[Nesocodon]]''}- - Mauricijus
* -{''[[Numaeacampa]]''
* -{''[[Ostrowskia]]''}- - Centralna Azija
* -{''[[Peracarpa]]''}- - Jugoistočna Azija
* -{''[[Petromarula]]''}- - Krit
* -{''[[Physoplexis]]''}- - Alpi
* -{''[[Phyteuma]]''}- - Evropa i Azija
* -{''[[Platycodon]]''}- - Istočna Azija
* -{''[[Popoviocodonia]]''- Istočni Sibir
* -{''[[Prismatocarpus]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Rhigiophyllum]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Roella]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Sergia (plant)|Sergia]]''}- - Centralna Azija
* -{''[[Siphocodon]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Symphyandra]]''}- - Jugoistočna Evropa i zapadna Azija
* -{''[[Theilera]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Trachelium (plant)|Trachelium]]''}- - Jugoistočna Evropa, srednji istok i centralna Azija
* -{''[[Treichelia]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Triodanis]]''}- - Amerike i južna Evropa
* -{''[[Wahlenbergia]]''}- - uglavnom južna hemisfera
* -{''[[Zeugandra]]''}- - Iran
{{div col end}}

; -{[[Lobelioideae]]}-
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* -{''[[Apetahia]]''}- - Društvena Ostrva
* -{''[[Brighamia]]''}- - Havaji
* -{''[[Burmeistera]]''}- - Severni Andi i centralna Amerika
* -{''[[Centropogon]]''}- - Neotropi
* -{''[[Clermontia]]''}- - Havaji
* -{''[[Cyanea (plant)|Cyanea]]''}- - Havaji
* -{''[[Delissea]]''}- - Havaji
* -{''[[Dialypetalum]]''}- - Madagaskar
* -{''[[Diastatea]]''}- - Neotropi
* -{''[[Dielsantha]]''}- - Tropska Afrika
* -{''[[Downingia]]''}- - Severozapadna Amerika i južna Amerika
* -{''[[Grammatotheca]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Heterotoma (plant)|Heterotoma]]''}- - Meksiko
* -{''[[Hippobroma]]''}- - Zapadni Indi
* -{''[[Howellia]]''}- - Amerika
* -{''[[Hypsela (plant)|Hypsela]]''}- - Australija, Novi Zeland i Južna Amerika
* -{''[[Isotoma (plant)|Isotoma]]''}- - Australija
* -{''[[Laurentia (plant)|Laurentia]]''}- = -{''[[Isotoma (plant)|Isotoma]]''}-, -{''[[Solenopsis (plant)|Solenopsis]]''}-, -{''[[Hippobroma]]''}-
* -{''[[Legenere]]''}- - Kalifornija
* -{''[[Lobelia]]''}- - kosmopolitska
* -{''[[Lysipomia]]''}- - Andi
* -{''[[Monopsis]]''}- - Južna Afrika
* -{''[[Palmerella]]''}- - Kalifornija
* -{''[[Porterella]]''}- - Amerika
* -{''[[Pratia]]''}- - Australazija
* -{''[[Ruthiella]]''}- - Nova Gvineja
* -{''[[Sclerotheca]]''}- - Društvena ostrva
* -{''[[Siphocampylus]]''}- - Neotropi
* -{''[[Solenopsis (plant)|Solenopsis]]''}- - Južna Evropa i severna Afrika
* -{''[[Trematocarpus]]''}- - Havaji
* -{''[[Trematolobelia]]''}- - Havaji
* -{''[[Trimeris]]''}- - Sv Helena
* -{''[[Unigenes]]''}- - Južna Afrika
{{div col end}}

; -{[[Cyphioideae]]}-
* -{''[[Cyphia]]''}- - Afrika
* -{''[[Cyphocarpus]]''}- - S Čile
* -{''[[Nemacladus]]''}- - Amerika
* -{''[[Parishella]]''}- - Kalifornija
* -{''[[Pseudonemacladus]]''}- - Meksiko

=== Vrste ===

<div style="height:200px; overflow:auto; border:thin grey solid; padding:4px;">
{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* -{''[[Asyneuma prenanthoides]]'' <small>(Durand) McVaugh</small>}-
* -{''[[Brighamia insignis]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Brighamia rockii]]'' <small>H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula alaskana]]'' <small>(A. Gray) W. Wight ex J.P. Anderson</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula alliariifolia]]'' <small>Willd.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula americana]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula angustiflora]]'' <small>Eastw.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula aparinoides]]'' <small>Pursh</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula aurita]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula baumgartenii]]'' <small>Becker</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula bellidifolia]]'' <small>Adam</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula bononiensis]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula californica]]'' <small>(Kellogg) A. Heller</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula carnica]]'' <small>Schiede ex Mert. & W.D.J. Koch</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula carpatica]]'' <small>Jacq.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula cervicaria]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula cochlearifolia]]'' <small>Lam.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula dasyantha]]'' <small>M. Bieb.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula divaricata]]'' <small>Michx.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula exigua]]'' <small>Rattan</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula floridana]]'' <small>S. Watson ex A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula garganica]]'' <small>Ten.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula giesekiana]]'' <small>Vest ex Schult.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula glomerata]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula griffinii]]'' <small>Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula intercedens]]'' <small>Witasek</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula lactiflora]]'' <small>M. Bieb.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula lanata]]'' <small>Friv.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula lasiocarpa]]'' <small>Cham.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula latifolia]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula medium]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula parryi]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula patula]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula persicifolia]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula petiolata]]'' <small>A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula piperi]]'' <small>Howell</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula punctata]]'' <small>Lam.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula rapunculoides]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula reverchonii]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula robinsiae]]'' <small>Small</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula rotundifolia]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula scabrella]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula scouleri]]'' <small>Hook. ex A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula serrata]]'' <small>(Kit.) Hendrych</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula sharsmithiae]]'' <small>Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula shetleri]]'' <small>Heckard</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula trachelium]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula uniflora]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula wilkinsiana]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Canarina abyssinica]]'' <small>Engl.</small>}-
* -{''[[Centropogon cornutus]]'' <small>(L.) Druce</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia arborescens]]'' <small>(H. Mann) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia calophylla]]'' <small>E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia clermontioides]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) A. Heller</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia drepanomorpha]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia fauriei]]'' <small>H. Lév.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia grandiflora]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia hawaiiensis]]'' <small>(Hillebr.) Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia kakeana]]'' <small>Meyen</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia kohalae]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia lindseyana]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia micrantha]]'' <small>(Hillebr.) Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia montis-loa]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia multiflora]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia oblongifolia]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia pallida]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia parviflora]]'' <small>Gaudich. ex A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia peleana]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia persicifolia]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia pyrularia]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia samuelii]]'' <small>C.N. Forbes</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia tuberculata]]'' <small>C.N. Forbes</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia waimeae]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia X]]'' <small>leptoclada Rock (pro sp.)</small>}-
* -{''[[Codonopsis pilosula]]'' <small>(Franch.) Nannf.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea aculeatiflora]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea acuminata]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea angustifolia]]'' <small>(Cham.) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea arborea]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea asarifolia]]'' <small>H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea aspleniifolia]]'' <small>(H. Mann) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea calycina]]'' <small>(Cham.) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea comata]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea copelandii]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea coriacea]]'' <small>(A. Gray) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea crispa]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea cylindrocalyx]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea dolichopoda]]'' <small>Lammers & Lorence</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea dunbariae]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea duvalliorum]]'' <small>Lammers & H. Oppenh.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea eleeleensis]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea elliptica]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea fissa]]'' <small>(H. Mann) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea floribunda]]'' <small>E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea gibsonii]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea giffardii]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea glabra]]'' <small>(E. Wimm.) H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea grimesiana]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea habenata]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea hamatiflora]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea hardyi]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea hirtella]]'' <small>(H. Mann) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea horrida]]'' <small>(Rock) O. Deg. & Hosaka</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea humboldtiana]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea kahiliensis]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea kauaulaensis]]'' <small>H. Oppenheimer & Lorence</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea kolekoleensis]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea konahuanuiensis]]'' <small>Sporck-Koehler, M. Waite, & A.M. Williams</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea koolauensis]]'' <small>Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea kuhihewa]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea kunthiana]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea lanceolata]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea leptostegia]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea linearifolia]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea lobata]]'' <small>H. Mann</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea longiflora]]'' <small>(Wawra) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea longissima]]'' <small>(Rock) H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea macrostegia]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea magnicalyx]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea mannii]]'' <small>(Brigham) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea maritae]]'' <small>Lammers & H. Oppenh.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea marksii]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea mauiensis]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea mceldowneyi]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea membranacea]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea minutiflora]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea munroi]]'' <small>(Hosaka) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea obtusa]]'' <small>(A. Gray) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea parvifolia]]'' <small>(C.N. Forbes) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea pilosa]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea pinnatifida]]'' <small>(Cham.) E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea platyphylla]]'' <small>(A. Gray) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea pohaku]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea procera]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea profuga]]'' <small>C.N. Forbes</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea pseudofauriei]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea purpurellifolia]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea pycnocarpa]]'' <small>(Hillebr.) E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea quercifolia]]'' <small>(Hillebr.) E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea recta]]'' <small>(Wawra) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea remyi]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea rivularis]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea salicina]]'' <small>H. Lév.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea scabra]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea sessilifolia]]'' <small>(O. Deg.) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea shipmanii]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea solanacea]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea solenocalyx]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea spathulata]]'' <small>(Hillebr.) A. Heller</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea st.-johnii]]'' <small>(Hosaka) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea stictophylla]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea superba]]'' <small>(Cham.) A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea tritomantha]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea truncata]]'' <small>(Rock) Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea undulata]]'' <small>C.N. Forbes</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea argutidentata]]'' <small>(E. Wimm.) H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea fallax]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea fauriei]]'' <small>H. Lév. non H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea kauaiensis]]'' <small>(Lammers) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea laciniata]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea lanaiensis]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea lauliiana]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea niihauensis]]'' <small>H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea parviflora]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea rhytidosperma]]'' <small>H. Mann</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea sinuata]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea subcordata]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea takeuchii]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea undulata]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea waianaeensis]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia bacigalupii]]'' <small>Weiler</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia bella]]'' <small>Hoover</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia bicornuta]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia concolor]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia cuspidata]]'' <small>(Greene) Rattan</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia elegans]]'' <small>(Douglas ex Lindl.) Torr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia insignis]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia laeta]]'' <small>(Greene) Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia montana]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia ornatissima]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia pulchella]]'' <small>(Lindl.) Torr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia pusilla]]'' <small>(G. Don) Torr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Downingia yina]]'' <small>Applegate</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis diffusa]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis pulchella]]'' <small>Vatke</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis specularioides]]'' <small>Nutt.</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis tenella]]'' <small>Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Heterocodon rariflorus]]'' <small>Nutt.</small>}-
* -{''[[Hippobroma longiflora]]'' <small>(L.) G. Don</small>}-
* -{''[[Howellia aquatilis]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Jasione montana]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Legenere valdiviana]]'' <small>(Phil.) E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Legousia speculum-veneris]]'' <small>(L.) Chaix</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia amoena]]'' <small>Michx.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia anatina]]'' <small>E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia appendiculata]]'' <small>A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia assurgens]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia berlandieri]]'' <small>A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia boykinii]]'' <small>Torr. & A. Gray ex A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia brevifolia]]'' <small>Nutt. ex A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia canbyi]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia cardinalis]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia chinensis]]'' <small>Lour.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia cliffortiana]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia dortmanna]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia dunbariae]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia elongata]]'' <small>Small</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia erinus]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia feayana]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia fenestralis]]'' <small>Cav.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia flaccidifolia]]'' <small>Small</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia floridana]]'' <small>Chapm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia gattingeri]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia gaudichaudii]]'' <small>A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia georgiana]]'' <small>McVaugh</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia glandulosa]]'' <small>Walter</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia gloria-montis]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia grayana]]'' <small>E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia gruina]]'' <small>Cav.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia hillebrandii]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia homophylla]]'' <small>E. Wimm.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia hypoleuca]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia inflata]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia kalmii]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia koolauensis]]'' <small>(Hosaka & Fosberg) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia laxiflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia monostachya]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia niihauensis]]'' <small>H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia nuttallii]]'' <small>Schult.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia oahuensis]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia paludosa]]'' <small>Nutt.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia portoricensis]]'' <small>(Vatke) Urb.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia puberula]]'' <small>Michx.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia remyi]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia reverchonii]]'' <small>B.L. Turner</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia robusta]]'' <small>Graham</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia rotundifolia]]'' <small>Juss. ex A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia siphilitica]]'' <small>L.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia spicata]]'' <small>Lam.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia villosa]]'' <small>(Rock) H. St. John & Hosaka</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia vivaldii]]'' <small>Lammers & Proctor</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia wahiawa]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia X]]'' <small>kauaiensis (A. Gray) A. Heller (pro sp.)</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia X]]'' <small>rogersii Bowden</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia X]]'' <small>speciosa Sweet (pro sp.)</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia yuccoides]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus calcaratus]]'' <small>Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus californicus]]'' <small>(A. Gray) Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus capillaris]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus glanduliferus]]'' <small>Jeps.</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus gracilis]]'' <small>Eastw.</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus interior]]'' <small>(Munz) G.T. Robbins</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus longiflorus]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus montanus]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus orientalis]]'' <small>(McVaugh) Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus pinnatifidus]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus ramosissimus]]'' <small>Nutt.</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus rigidus]]'' <small>Curran</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus rubescens]]'' <small>Greene</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus secundiflorus]]'' <small>G.T. Robbins</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus sigmoideus]]'' <small>G.T. Robbins</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus tenuis]]'' <small>(McVaugh) Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Nemacladus twisselmannii]]'' <small>J.T. Howell</small>}-
* -{''[[Palmerella debilis]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Platycodon grandiflorus]]'' <small>(Jacq.) A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Porterella carnosula]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) Torr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Trematolobelia auriculata]]'' <small>H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Trematolobelia grandifolia]]'' <small>(Rock) O. Deg.</small>}-
* -{''[[Trematolobelia kaalae]]'' <small>(O. Deg.) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Trematolobelia kauaiensis]]'' <small>(Rock) Skottsb.</small>}-
* -{''[[Trematolobelia macrostachys]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) Zahlbr. ex Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Trematolobelia rockii]]'' <small>H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Trematolobelia singularis]]'' <small>H. St. John</small>}-
* -{''[[Trematolobelia wimmeri]]'' <small>O. Deg. & I. Deg.</small>}-
* -{''[[Triodanis coloradoensis]]'' <small>(Buckley) McVaugh</small>}-
* -{''[[Triodanis holzingeri]]'' <small>McVaugh</small>}-
* -{''[[Triodanis lamprosperma]]'' <small>McVaugh</small>}-
* -{''[[Triodanis leptocarpa]]'' <small>(Nutt.) Nieuwl.</small>}-
* -{''[[Triodanis perfoliata]]'' <small>(L.) Nieuwl.</small>}-
* -{''[[Triodanis texana]]'' <small>McVaugh</small>}-
* -{''[[Wahlenbergia gracilis]]'' <small>(G. Forst.) A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Wahlenbergia linarioides]]'' <small>(Lam.) A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Wahlenbergia marginata]]'' <small>(Thunb.) A. DC.</small>}-
{{colend}}
</div>

=== Podvrste ===

<div style="height:200px; overflow:auto; border:thin grey solid; padding:4px;">
{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* -{''[[Campanula baumgartenii ssp. baumgartenii]]'' <small>Becker</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula bellidifolia ssp. aucheri]]'' <small>(A. DC.) Victorov</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula bellidifolia ssp. saxifraga]]'' <small>(M. Bieb.) Viktorov</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula dasyantha ssp. chamissonis]]'' <small>(Fed.) Viktorov</small>}-
* -{''[[Campanula serrata ssp. recta]]'' <small>(Dulac) Podlech</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia arborescens ssp. arborescens]]'' <small>(H. Mann) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia arborescens ssp. waihiae]]'' <small>(Wawra) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia arborescens ssp. waikoluensis]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia clermontioides ssp. clermontioides]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) A. Heller</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia clermontioides ssp. rockiana]]'' <small>(E. Wimm.) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia grandiflora ssp. grandiflora]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia grandiflora ssp. maxima]]'' <small>Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia grandiflora ssp. munroi]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes]]'' <small>(E. Wimm.) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. oblongifolia]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia peleana ssp. peleana]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia peleana ssp. singuliflora]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia samuelii ssp. hanaensis]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Clermontia samuelii ssp. samuelii]]'' <small>C.N. Forbes</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea fissa ssp. fissa]]'' <small>(H. Mann) Hillebr.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea fissa ssp. gayana]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae]]'' <small>(H. St. John) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea lobata ssp. baldwinii]]'' <small>(C.N. Forbes & Munro) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea lobata ssp. lobata]]'' <small>H. Mann</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea pilosa ssp. longipedunculata]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea pilosa ssp. pilosa]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea superba ssp. regina]]'' <small>(Wawra) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Cyanea superba ssp. superba]]'' <small>(Cham.) A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea subcordata ssp. obtusifolia]]'' <small>(Wawra) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Delissea subcordata ssp. subcordata]]'' <small>Gaudich.</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis diffusa ssp. candida]]'' <small>(Ewan) Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis diffusa ssp. diffusa]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis]]'' <small>(Ewan) Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis diffusa ssp. robusta]]'' <small>Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis pulchella ssp. campestris]]'' <small>Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis pulchella ssp. pulchella]]'' <small>Vatke</small>}-
* -{''[[Githopsis pulchella ssp. serpentinicola]]'' <small>Morin</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia berlandieri ssp. berlandieri]]'' <small>A. DC.</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia berlandieri ssp. brachypoda]]'' <small>(A. Gray) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia dunbariae ssp. dunbariae]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia dunbariae ssp. paniculata]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia gloria-montis ssp. gloria-montis]]'' <small>Rock</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia gloria-montis ssp. longibracteata]]'' <small>(Rock) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Lobelia laxiflora ssp. angustifolia]]'' <small>(A. DC.) Eakes & Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Palmerella debilis ssp. debilis]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>}-
* -{''[[Palmerella debilis ssp. serrata]]'' <small>(A. Gray) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Triodanis perfoliata ssp. biflora]]'' <small>(Ruiz & Pav.) Lammers</small>}-
* -{''[[Triodanis perfoliata ssp. perfoliata]]'' <small>(L.) Nieuwl.</small>}-
{{colend}}
</div>

== Fosilni zapis ==

Najranija poznata pojava -{Campanulaceae}- [[polen]]a je iz [[Oligocene|oligocenskih]] [[Слој (геологија)|slojeva]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Early Flowers and Angiosperm Evolution |url=https://archive.org/details/earlyflowersangi0000frii |author-link=Else Marie Friis |first=Else Marie |last=Friis |first2=Peter R. |last2=Crane |first3=Kaj Raunsgaard |last3=Pedersen |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=avgust 2011 |isbn=9780521592833|pages=}}</ref> Najraniji -{Campanulaceae}- [[macrofossil|makrofosili]] su seme -{†Campanula paleopyramidalis}- u 17-16 miliona godina starim [[Miocene|miocenskim]] [[Deposit (geology)|depozitima]] u [[Nowy Sacz|Novom Sonču]] na [[Carpathians|Karpatima]] u [[Poland|Poljskoj]]. To je bliki srodnik izumrlog -{[[Campanula pyramidalis]]}-.<ref>http://www.amjbot.org/content/early/2016/02/09/ajb.1500450.full.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmc=4950005|year=2016|author=Lagomarsino|first=L. P.|title=The abiotic and biotic drivers of rapid diversification in Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae)|journal=New Phytologist|volume=210|issue=4|last2=Condamine|first2=F. L.|last3=Antonelli|first3=A|last4=Mulch|first4=A|last5=Davis|first5=C. C.|doi=10.1111/nph.13920|pmid=26990796|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/27822355/4950005.pdf?sequence=1|pages=1430-1442}}</ref>

== Hemijska jedinjenja ==
Planovi potfamilije -{''Lobelioideae''}- sadrže alkaloid [[lobelin]].<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17612524| pmc=2104779|year=2007|author=Neugebauer| first=N. M.| title=Lobelane decreases methamphetamine self-administration in rats| journal=European Journal of Pharmacology| volume=571| issue=1| last2=Harrod| first2=S. B.| last3=Stairs| first3=D. J.| last4=Crooks| first4=P. A.| last5=Dwoskin| first5=L. P.| last6=Bardo| first6=M. T.| doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.003|pages=33-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmid=15331654|year=2005|author=Eyerman| first=D. J.| title=Lobeline attenuates methamphetamine-induced changes in vesicular monoamine transporter 2 immunoreactivity and monoamine depletions in the striatum|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-pharmacology-and-experimental-therapeutics_2005-01_312_1/page/160| journal=Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics| volume=312| issue=1| last2=Yamamoto| first2=B. K.| doi=10.1124/jpet.104.072264|pages=160-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmid=16765386|year=2006|author=Polston| first=J. E.| title=Lobeline augments and inhibits cocaine-induced hyperactivity in rats| journal=Life Sciences| volume=79| issue=10| last2=Cunningham| first2=C. S.| last3=Rodvelt| first3=K. R.| last4=Miller| first4=D. K.| doi=10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.006|pages=981-90}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmid=19268674|year=2009|author=Farook| first=J. M.| title=Lobeline, a nicotinic partial agonist attenuates alcohol consumption and preference in male C57BL/6J mice| journal=Physiology & Behavior| volume=97| issue=3–4| last2=Lewis| first2=B| last3=Gaddis| first3=J. G.| last4=Littleton| first4=J. M.| last5=Barron| first5=S| doi=10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.031|pages=503-6}}</ref> Glavni oblik skladištenja ugljenik hidrata kod -{''Campanulaceae''}- je [[inulin]],<ref name="fda">{{cite web|title=The Declaration of Certain Isolated or Synthetic Non-Digestible Carbohydrates as Dietary Fiber on Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels: Guidance for Industry |url=https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/UCM610144.pdf |publisher=US Food and Drug Administration |accessdate=15. 6. 2018 |date=14. 6. 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hsu|first=CY|last2=Bansal|first2=N|title=Measured GFR as "gold standard"--all that glitters is not gold?|journal=Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology|date=avgust 2011|volume=6|issue=8|pmid=21784836|doi=10.2215/cjn.06040611|pages=1813-4}}</ref> [[polyfructan|polifruktan]] koji se isto tako javlja u srodnim -{''[[Asteraceae]]''}- vrstama.<ref name="Stevens">{{cite web|website=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|author= P.F. Stevens|year=2001|title= Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|url= http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/welcome.html#Asterales}}</ref><ref>Jeffrey, C. 2007. Compositae: Introduction with key to tribes. Pages 61–87 in Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. VIII, Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales (J. W. Kadereit and C. Jeffrey, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin</ref>

== Reference ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="zzps">{{cite web 
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220308151315/https://www.zzps.rs/wp/pdf/Zasticene%20divlje%20vrsta%20biljaka%20zivotinja%20i%20gljiva.pdf 
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}}

== Literatura ==
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{{Литература|30em}}
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* {{cite journal|last=Roquet | first = C. | last2=Sáez | first2 = L. | last3=Aldasoro | first3 = J. J. | last4=Alfonso | first4 = S. | last5=Alarcón | first5 = M. L. | last6=Garcia-Jacas | first6 = N. |year=2008 | title = Natural delineation, molecular phylogeny and floral evolution in ''Campanula'' | url = | journal = Systematic Botany | volume = 33 | issue = | doi=10.1600/036364408783887465|pages=203-217}}
* {{cite journal|last=Cosner | first = M. E. | last2=Raubeson | first2 = L. A. | last3=Jansen | first3 = R. K. |year=2007 | title = Chloroplast DNA rearrangements in Campanulaceae: phylogenetic utility of highly rearranged genomes | url = http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-4-27.pdf | format = PDF | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 4 | issue = 27| doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-4-27 | pmid=15324459 | pmc=516026|pages=1-17}}
* {{cite journal|last=Eddie | first = W. M. M. | last2=Shulkina | first2 = T. | last3=Gaskin | first3 = J. | last4=Haberle | first4 = R. C. | last5=Jansen | first5 = R. K. |year=2003 | title = Phylogeny of Campanulaceae s. str. inferred from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA | url = | journal = Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden | volume = 90 | issue = 4| doi=10.2307/3298542|pages=554-575}}
{{Литература крај}}

== Spoljašnje veze ==
{{Commonscat-lat|Campanulaceae}}
* [http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/campanulaceae_01.htm Topwalks] {{Wayback|url=http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/campanulaceae_01.htm |date=20111003114845 }}
* [http://flowersinisrael.com/FamCampanulaceae.html Flowers in Israel] {{Wayback|url=http://flowersinisrael.com/FamCampanulaceae.html |date=20111012050844 }}
* [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/asteralesweb.htm#Campanulaceae Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]

{{Taxonbar-lat|from=Q155802}}
{{нормативна контрола-лат}}

[[Категорија:Campanulaceae| ]]